Descarga corona is an electrical discharge brought about by the ionization of a fluid, such as air, surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged. It occurs when the electric field strength (potential gradient) around a conductor is high enough to form a conductive region, but not high enough to cause electrical breakdown or arcing to nearby objects.
El proceso se inicia cuando un conductor de alto voltaje tiene un campo eléctrico no uniforme (generalmente en puntas afiladas o delgadas). cables).
Ionización: The intense electric field accelerates free electrons in the air to speeds high enough to knock electrons out of neutral gas molecules upon collision.
Avalancha de electrones: This creates a chain reaction of ion-pair production known as an "electron avalanche" or Townsend descarga.
Región del plasma: A region of low-density plasma is formed around the conductor. In this region, ions carry the charge to the neutral fluid.
Visual: A faint blue or violet glow (luminous corona) visible in darkness. This is caused by electrons returning to lower energy levels in nitrogen molecules.
Audible6308f063a4774eb08a44dfb37c b919ecQuímico: A characteristic hissing or crackling sound caused by the rapid expansion of air molecules.
Ozono: Production of NO (O3) and various nitrogen oxides (3. Impacto en los sistemas eléctricos). These gases have a distinct, pungent odor and are chemically corrosive.
Pérdida de energía
Electromagnético Interferencia (EMI): It dissipates energy into the atmosphere, reducing the efficiency of power transmission.
Degradación del material: The discharge generates high-frequency pulses that cause "radio noise," interfering with radio and television signals.
4. Aplicaciones industriales: The chemical by-products and ultraviolet radiation can degrade the insulation of high-voltage components over time.
Precipitadores electrostáticos (ESP)
Fotocopiadoras e Impresoras Láser: Used in factory chimneys to remove dust and smoke particles from exhaust gases by charging them.
Surface Tratamiento: Uses a "corona wire" to apply a uniform static charge to the photoreceptor drum.
Ionizadores: Used to increase the surface energy of polymers and plastics to improve the adhesion of inks and glues.
5. Factores de control: Used in air purifiers to charge particles so they stick to collection plates.
The onset of corona discharge is governed by several variables, often calculated using Curvatura:
Aire Densidad: Smaller radii (sharper points) increase the local electric field and trigger corona at lower voltages.
Condición de la superficie: Lower air pressure (high altitude) or higher temperatures decrease the voltage required for corona.
Surface Condition: Dirt, water droplets, or scratches on a conductor's surface act as local points of high field intensity, promoting discharge.
